See 歯向かう on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "歯",
"3": "向かう"
},
"expansion": "歯 + 向かう",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "刃",
"2": "は"
},
"expansion": "刃(は) (ha)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compound of 歯 + 向かう, literally \"to face (someone) with teeth\"; 刃(は) (ha) can also be used, literally \"carrying a blade to face (someone)\"",
"forms": [
{
"form": "歯向かう",
"ruby": [
[
"歯",
"は"
],
[
"向",
"む"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hamukau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "歯向かい",
"roman": "hamukai",
"ruby": [
[
"歯",
"は"
],
[
"向",
"む"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "歯向かった",
"roman": "hamukatta",
"ruby": [
[
"歯",
"は"
],
[
"向",
"む"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-u",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "歯向かわ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "はむかわ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hamukawa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "歯向かい",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "はむかい",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hamukai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "歯向かう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "はむかう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hamukau",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "歯向かえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "はむかえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hamukae",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "歯向かわれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "はむかわれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "hamukawareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "歯向かわせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "歯向かわす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "はむかわせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "はむかわす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "hamukawaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "hamukawasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "歯向かえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "はむかえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "hamukaeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "歯向かおう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "はむかおう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "hamukaō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "歯向かわない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "はむかわない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hamukawanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "歯向かわず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "はむかわず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hamukawazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "歯向かいます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "はむかいます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "hamukaimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "歯向かった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "はむかった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "hamukatta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "歯向かって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "はむかって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hamukatte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "歯向かえば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "はむかえば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "hamukaeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "はむかう",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "歯(は)向(む)かう • (hamukau) intransitive godan (stem 歯(は)向(む)かい (hamukai), past 歯(は)向(む)かった (hamukatta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -u",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "80 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to be able to resist a strong opponent",
"roman": "kyōryoku na aite ni hamukau koto ga dekiru",
"ruby": [
[
"強力",
"きょうりょく"
],
[
"相手",
"あいて"
],
[
"歯向",
"はむ"
]
],
"text": "強力な相手に歯向かうことができる",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to strike back at, to bite back, to resist, to defy, to disobey"
],
"id": "en-歯向かう-ja-verb-5t~g3W93",
"links": [
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"bite",
"bite"
],
[
"resist",
"resist"
],
[
"defy",
"defy"
],
[
"disobey",
"disobey"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(idiomatic) to strike back at, to bite back, to resist, to defy, to disobey"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "抵抗する"
},
{
"word": "手向かう"
},
{
"word": "敵対する"
}
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"showing teeth with an intent to bite"
],
"id": "en-歯向かう-ja-verb-KmCcMMT2",
"qualifier": "etc...",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of dogs, etc...) showing teeth with an intent to bite"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of dogs"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "はむかう"
},
{
"ipa": "[ha̠mɯ̟ka̠ɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "歯向かう"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese godan verbs",
"Japanese godan verbs ending with -u",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "歯",
"3": "向かう"
},
"expansion": "歯 + 向かう",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "刃",
"2": "は"
},
"expansion": "刃(は) (ha)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compound of 歯 + 向かう, literally \"to face (someone) with teeth\"; 刃(は) (ha) can also be used, literally \"carrying a blade to face (someone)\"",
"forms": [
{
"form": "歯向かう",
"ruby": [
[
"歯",
"は"
],
[
"向",
"む"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hamukau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "歯向かい",
"roman": "hamukai",
"ruby": [
[
"歯",
"は"
],
[
"向",
"む"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "歯向かった",
"roman": "hamukatta",
"ruby": [
[
"歯",
"は"
],
[
"向",
"む"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-u",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "歯向かわ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "はむかわ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hamukawa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "歯向かい",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "はむかい",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hamukai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "歯向かう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "はむかう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hamukau",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "歯向かえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "はむかえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hamukae",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "歯向かわれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "はむかわれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "hamukawareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "歯向かわせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "歯向かわす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "はむかわせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "はむかわす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "hamukawaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "hamukawasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "歯向かえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "はむかえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "hamukaeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "歯向かおう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "はむかおう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "hamukaō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "歯向かわない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "はむかわない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hamukawanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "歯向かわず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "はむかわず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hamukawazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "歯向かいます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "はむかいます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "hamukaimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "歯向かった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "はむかった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "hamukatta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "歯向かって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "はむかって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hamukatte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "歯向かえば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "はむかえば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "hamukaeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "はむかう",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "歯(は)向(む)かう • (hamukau) intransitive godan (stem 歯(は)向(む)かい (hamukai), past 歯(は)向(む)かった (hamukatta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese idioms",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to be able to resist a strong opponent",
"roman": "kyōryoku na aite ni hamukau koto ga dekiru",
"ruby": [
[
"強力",
"きょうりょく"
],
[
"相手",
"あいて"
],
[
"歯向",
"はむ"
]
],
"text": "強力な相手に歯向かうことができる",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to strike back at, to bite back, to resist, to defy, to disobey"
],
"links": [
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"bite",
"bite"
],
[
"resist",
"resist"
],
[
"defy",
"defy"
],
[
"disobey",
"disobey"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(idiomatic) to strike back at, to bite back, to resist, to defy, to disobey"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "抵抗する"
},
{
"word": "手向かう"
},
{
"word": "敵対する"
}
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"showing teeth with an intent to bite"
],
"qualifier": "etc...",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of dogs, etc...) showing teeth with an intent to bite"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of dogs"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "はむかう"
},
{
"ipa": "[ha̠mɯ̟ka̠ɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "歯向かう"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 歯向かう meaning in All languages combined (6.3kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"歯向かう"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "歯向かう",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"歯向かう"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "歯向かう",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"歯向かう"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "歯向かう",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"歯向かう"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "歯向かう",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"歯向かう"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "歯向かう",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"歯向かう"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "歯向かう",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"歯向かう"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "歯向かう",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (4ba5975 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.